The Impact of Climate Change as Well as Land-Use and Land-Cover Changes on Water Yield Services in Haraz Basin

Water-yield assessment is crucial to effectively achieve water supply management at the basin scale. It affected by climate change, and Land Use/Land Cover Change (LULCC). This paper quantifies combined impact of LULCC change on yield over short long-term periods in Haraz basin, Iran. has experienced severe forest degradation, agricultural expansion, urbanization. Most lands are within plains coastal areas, 25% covered forest, which includes part Hyrcanian conservation forests. Four scenarios distinguish relative portion (LULC) for variations considered, including real conditions beginning period (Sn1), without changes LULC (Sn2), (Sn3), end (Sn4). study include 1992–2007, 2007–2016, 2016–2026 as a term, 1992–2026 period. The spatial patterns annual precipitation showed decreasing amounts three studied years from northwest south. Water also reduced during 1992–2007 plays an essential role this reduction. Forecasts show that rainfall will recover 2026 increase northern sub-basins. In long run, 1992 2026, contribution factors equal. results can provide references land use enhance considering global change.